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	<title>Parapemikir</title>
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	<link>http://parapemikir.com</link>
	<description>Philosophy &#124; Logic &#124; Epistemology &#124; Science &#124; Religion</description>
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		<title>The Existence of God-8</title>
		<link>http://parapemikir.com/the-existence-of-god-8.html</link>
		<comments>http://parapemikir.com/the-existence-of-god-8.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 27 Dec 2009 07:10:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Iman K.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[PHILOSOPHY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Al-Razi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[original postulate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[philosophical]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[regressus ad infinitum]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the Necessary Being]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://parapemikir.com/?p=749</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Although he summarizes what appears to be the traditional argument against circularity, viz. that if two possible things were said to cause each other, each would precede the other an consequently itself, which is absurd, – Al-Razi proposes a different argument which he states thus: “The effect (ma‘lul) requires the cause.
Now if each of two [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Existence of God-7</title>
		<link>http://parapemikir.com/the-existence-of-god-7.html</link>
		<comments>http://parapemikir.com/the-existence-of-god-7.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 24 Dec 2009 07:03:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Iman K.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[PHILOSOPHY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Al-Razi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[existence of a necessary being]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[huduth]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[imkan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[monograph]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Existence of God]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://parapemikir.com/?p=747</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[We might examine here Al-Razi’s exposition of the traditional proofs for the existence of God as outlined in Kitab al-Arba‘in, especially since this is one of the fullest expositions which our classical sources record, and one which Wensinck does not seem to have consulted in his important monograph.
Al- Razi sums up the proofs of the [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Existence of God-6</title>
		<link>http://parapemikir.com/the-existence-of-god-6.html</link>
		<comments>http://parapemikir.com/the-existence-of-god-6.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 22 Dec 2009 06:55:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Iman K.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[PHILOSOPHY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Al-Ghazali]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ibn Khaldun]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[philosophical]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[theologian]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://parapemikir.com/?p=744</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The later history of Kalam reflects greater refinement in employing the technique of argument and a greater subtlety in handling logical concepts. Ibn Khaldun distinguishes between modern and the ancient stages in the development of Kalam and assigns the credit for introducing the ‘method of he moderns’ to Al-Ghazali.
Whether the credit for initiating this new [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://parapemikir.com/the-existence-of-god-6.html/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Existence of God-5</title>
		<link>http://parapemikir.com/the-existence-of-god-5.html</link>
		<comments>http://parapemikir.com/the-existence-of-god-5.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 20 Dec 2009 04:43:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Iman K.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[PHILOSOPHY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Al-Baghdadi’s argument]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Al-Baqilani]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[concept of contingency]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[determinant of priority]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Usul ‘al-Din]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://parapemikir.com/?p=741</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Al-Baqilani (d. 1013) who belonged to the second generation of Ash‘arite doctors and who is credited with refining the methods of Kalam, sums up this argument in succinct way.
The world being temporal (hadith), he writes, it must of necessity have a Maker and Fashioner (muhdith wa musawwir), “just as writing must have a writer, a [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Existence of God-4</title>
		<link>http://parapemikir.com/the-existence-of-god-4.html</link>
		<comments>http://parapemikir.com/the-existence-of-god-4.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 18 Dec 2009 04:18:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Iman K.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[PHILOSOPHY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Al-Ash‘ari]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Al-Razi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Al-Shahrastani]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ibn Hazm]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Existence of God]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the temporality of the universe]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://parapemikir.com/?p=738</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The biographer of Al-Ash‘ari, Ibn ‘Asakir (d. 571 A.H.), reports that Al-Ash‘ari wrote a treatise called Kitab al-Fusul, in refutation of the Materialists and the ‘philosophers,’ who professed the eternity of the universe, which as far as I am aware, is the earliest scholastic treatise dealing with the question of eternity in a systematic way, [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Existence of God-3</title>
		<link>http://parapemikir.com/the-existence-of-god-3.html</link>
		<comments>http://parapemikir.com/the-existence-of-god-3.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 16 Dec 2009 03:07:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Iman K.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[PHILOSOPHY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ash‘arite]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Islamic philosopher]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Islamic scholasticism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the Ash‘arite doctors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the temporality of the universe]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://parapemikir.com/?p=735</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The Traditional argument of Kalam presupposes a preliminary thesis upon which the theological treatises place a considerable emphasis: the thesis of the newness or temporality of the universe (al-huduth).
This circumstance explains the vehemence with which the opposite thesis of an eternal universe is combated by the advocates of Orthodoxy. Ibn Hazm, the Zahiri jurist and [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Existence of God-2</title>
		<link>http://parapemikir.com/the-existence-of-god-2.html</link>
		<comments>http://parapemikir.com/the-existence-of-god-2.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Dec 2009 02:32:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Iman K.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[PHILOSOPHY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Averroes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Avicenna]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Aristotelian argument]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Existence of God]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://parapemikir.com/?p=733</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[If the argument from causality (cosmological or aitiological argument), initiated by Aristotle and developed by his followers throughout the centuries, is rightly regarded as the classical argument for the existence of God in the West, the argument a novitate mundi (dalil al-huduth), of which the argument a contingenti mundi, (dalil al-jawaz) is a mere variant, [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Existence of God-1</title>
		<link>http://parapemikir.com/the-existence-of-god-1.html</link>
		<comments>http://parapemikir.com/the-existence-of-god-1.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 12 Dec 2009 15:32:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Iman K.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[PHILOSOPHY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[demonstrative knowledge]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Islamic approach of science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Islamic approach to the question of knowledge]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Muslim Creed]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://parapemikir.com/?p=718</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The introductory chapter of Usul, to which Wensinck has drawn attention and discussed in some length in The Muslim Creed, is thus of considerable importance for the understanding of the Islamic approach to the question of knowledge or science.
We cannot dwell at length here on Baghdadi’s analysis of the divisions of knowledge (‘ilm), its presuppositions, [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Existence of God</title>
		<link>http://parapemikir.com/the-existence-of-god.html</link>
		<comments>http://parapemikir.com/the-existence-of-god.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Dec 2009 15:05:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Iman K.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[PHILOSOPHY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[God’s existence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Latin scholastic]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[proofs of the existence of God]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the Middle Ages]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://parapemikir.com/?p=714</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[After Wensinck’s brilliant study, a fresh examination of the argument for the existence of God in Islam might appear impertinent. Some justification for the present discussion, however, may be found in the fact that some of the material on which this study is based was not available to Wensinck, when his monograph appeared in 1936, [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>3</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Islamic Philosophy-7</title>
		<link>http://parapemikir.com/islamic-philosophy-7.html</link>
		<comments>http://parapemikir.com/islamic-philosophy-7.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Dec 2009 12:36:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Iman K.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[PHILOSOPHY]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ibnu Sina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Islamic community]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Islamic philosopher]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[islamic philosophy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mulla Sadra]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[the Islamic philosophers]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://parapemikir.com/?p=710</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[As far as Persia is concerned, as philosophy became integrated into the Shiite intellectual world from the seventh/thirteenth century onwards, the sayings of the Shiite Imams began to play an ever greater role, complementing the Prophetic Hadith.
This is especially true of the sayings of Imams Muhammad al-Bagir, Jafar al-Sadiq and Musa al-Kizim, the fifth, sixth [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
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